In academic publishing, an editor decides whether to publish an article based on reviewer's comments. There are often 4 outcomes for an author:
1) Unconditional acceptance: the article is accepted without need for further revisions
2) Conditional acceptance: the article is accepted but the authors must fulfil a few conditions stipulated by the editor prior to publishing. The article is not returned to reviewers for another round of peer review.
3) Revise and Resubmit (R&R): the author must rewrite the article to address reviewers' concerns. They would then resubmit a new version of the paper to the journal and the peer review process begins again. On the advice of the reviewers (who may or may not be among the original reviewers), the editor may decide to reject, accept, conditionally accept or issue another R&R.
4) Rejection: the article is rejected
The reviewer will likely provide a recommendation but the final decision is made by the editor.